Method and system for restoring software

ABSTRACT

Method and system are disclosed for restoring multiple instances of a software application to a predetermined baseline state. The method/system of the invention creates a baseline template from a single correct or “golden” installation of the software application. The baseline template may then be deployed to restore previously used instances of the software application to a baseline state.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosed embodiments relate generally to software applications and particularly to a method and system for restoring the software applications on multiple computing systems.

BACKGROUND

Advances in software programming and computing technology have made increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich software applications available to consumers and businesses alike. These powerful software applications provide a growing list of benefits in terms of improved accuracy, efficiency, and convenience for numerous tasks performed on a regular basis. Industry indicators predict that this trend is likely to continue and may even accelerate in the years ahead.

However, as software applications become more sophisticated, their installation and maintenance become correspondingly more difficult. E-commerce and online transaction-related software applications are particularly unwieldy in terms of size and complexity. Consequently, most companies retain a highly-trained technical support group or department dedicated to setting up and supporting various software applications used within their organizations. Users who need a software application may simply submit a request through the appropriate channels listing their specific requirements. The technical support department thereafter prepares the needed computing system (i.e., hardware and operating system), installs the requested software application, and presents the completed installation to the users.

An example of the procedure described above is illustrated in FIG. 1 via a system 100. A user 102 of the system 100 begins the procedure by submitting a request for a particular software application through designated channels to an organization's technical support department. Technical support personnel then obtain an appropriate computing system 104 a, 104 b, or 104 c for installation of the requested software application, perform the installation, and test the installed software application to ensure proper operation. The installations are usually performed manually by inserting one or more portable media 106 (e.g., floppy disks or CD-ROMs) into an appropriate disk drive of the selected computing system 104 a, 104 b, or 104 c, usually one disk at a time. After the installation is complete, the technical support personnel either physically deliver the computing system 104 a, 104 b, or 104 c to the user or else make it available over a network connection (not expressly shown).

A drawback of the above procedure is that every request for the software application must be installed from the beginning on each computing system 104 a, 104 b, and 104 c via the portable media 106. Even for highly-trained technical support personnel, such a procedure is often fraught with potential problems and delays. For example, in addition to the lengthy installation time required, hardware and/or software incompatibilities may exist (e.g., a resource conflict between the operating system and the software application). Furthermore, the software application may require one or more patches or fixes, sometimes in a certain sequence or order, that can add to an already long installation time. Moreover, there may sometimes be human errors, such as clicking the wrong button, striking the wrong key, inserting the wrong disk, and so forth, that frequently lengthen the installation time even more. All of these problems are exacerbated when the software application is large, complex, and is required to be installed numerous times on multiple computing systems.

Accordingly, what is needed is a more efficient way to make a software application available on multiple computing systems without having to install the software application from the beginning via floppy disks, CD-ROMs, or other portable media for each computing system.

SUMMARY

The disclosed embodiments are directed to a method and system for providing multiple instances of a software application. The method/system of the invention creates a baseline template from a single correct or “golden” installation of the software application and uses the baseline template to restore previously used instances of the software application to a baseline state. In one embodiment, any references to a specific host or computing system in the configuration files or directories of the previously used instance of the software application are replaced with a temporary variable in the baseline template. The baseline template may then be stored on a designated server and uploaded to any computing system needing a baseline instance of the software application. Once uploaded, the variable is replaced with system-specific references to restore the baseline state. Since the software application is restored from the baseline template and not from floppy disks or CD-ROMs, the process takes significantly less time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1, described previously, illustrates a system for installing multiple instances of a software application according to the prior art;

FIG. 2 illustrates a system for restoring multiple instances of a software application;

FIG. 3 illustrates a computing system for restoring multiple instances of a software application;

FIG. 4 illustrates another system for restoring multiple instances of a software application;

FIG. 5 illustrates a restoration tool for restoring multiple instances of a software application; and

FIG. 6 illustrates a method for restoring multiple instances of a software application.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Following is a detailed description of illustrative embodiments with reference to the drawings wherein the same reference labels are used for the same or similar elements. As used throughout this description and the claims, the terms “a” and “an” are intended to mean “one or more.”

As mentioned above, existing procedures for installing multiple instances of a software application, particularly a large and complex software application, are inefficient and fraught with potential for problems and delays. Various embodiments provide a method and system for more efficiently installing software applications in cases where it may not be necessary to perform a complete installation of the software application.

Consider the case where one user has finished using the software application and has relinquished his/her computing system to another user. In such cases, it may be sufficient merely to restore the software application to a predetermined baseline state on the relinquished computing system rather than perform a new installation of the software application. The baseline state may be a “clean” or unused state, such as the state immediately after installation of the software application (i.e., before any users have used the software application), or it may be some predefined intermediate state (e.g., after one or more patches and fixes have been applied). Accordingly, the term “restore” is used herein to mean that the software application has been returned to some predetermined baseline state.

The method/system uses a correct or “golden” (i.e., error-free) installation of a software application to create a baseline template. The baseline template contains baseline versions of the files that are likely to be modified or deleted as the software application is used, along with the directory structure for these files. These likely-to-change files may be identified by monitoring the software application over a sufficiently long period of time or sufficiently high number of users. Such a baseline template may then be uploaded to any computing system requiring an instance of the software application and used to restore the software application to a baseline state. Since the baseline template is based on a correctly-installed instance of the software application, all subsequent restorations made from the baseline template are also correct. And, since the subsequent restorations are made from the baseline template and perhaps not portable media, such as floppy disks or CD-ROMs, the process takes significantly less time.

FIG. 2 illustrates a system 200 according to disclosed embodiments that may be used for restoring multiple installations of a software application. The system 200 includes a technical support computing system 202 (also referred to herein as a template server) connected to a number of user computing systems 204 a, 204 b, and 204 c over a network 206. A software application is installed from either the portable media 106 or an application server (not expressly shown) onto the template server 202 (e.g., by a technical support or other appropriate personnel). The installed software application is subsequently used to create a baseline template from which restorations of the software application may be performed. The baseline template may then be transferred to each user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c as needed over the network 206 to restore the software application. Such an arrangement allows baseline instances of the software application to be made available on the user computing systems 204 a, 204 b, and 204 c without installing the entire software application.

FIG. 3 illustrates the template server 202 in more detail. In the implementation shown, the template server 202 includes a bus 300 or other communication mechanism for communicating information and a processor 302 coupled with the bus 300 for processing information. The template server 202 also includes a main memory 304, such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to the bus 300 for storing computer-readable instructions to be executed by the processor 302. The main memory 304 also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of the instructions to be executed by the processor 302. The template server 202 further includes a read-only memory (ROM) 306 or other static storage device coupled to the bus 300 for storing static information and instructions for the processor 302. A computer-readable storage device 308, such as a magnetic disk or optical disk, is coupled to the bus 300 for storing information and instructions for the processor 302.

The template server 202 may be coupled via the bus 300 to a display 310, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), for displaying information to a user. An input device 312, including, for example, alphanumeric and other keys, is coupled to the bus 300 for communicating information and command selections to the processor 302. Another type of user input device is a cursor control 314, such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor-direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to the processor 302 and for controlling cursor movement on the display 310. The cursor control 314 typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), that allow the device to specify positions in a plane.

The term “computer-readable instructions” as used above refers to any instructions that may be performed by the processor 302 or other component. Similarly, the term “computer-readable medium” refers to any storage medium that may be used to store the computer-readable instructions. Such a medium may take many forms, including, but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as the storage device 308. Volatile media include dynamic memory, such as main memory 304. Transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including wires of the bus 300. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, DVD, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, an EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer can read.

Various forms of the computer-readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to the processor 302 for execution. For example, the instructions may initially be borne on a magnetic disk of a remote computer. The remote computer can load the instructions into its dynamic memory and send the instructions over a telephone line using a modem. A modem local to the template server 202 can receive the data on the telephone line and use an infrared transmitter to convert the data to an infrared signal. An infrared detector coupled to the bus 300 can receive the data carried in the infrared signal and place the data on the bus 300. The bus 300 carries the data to the main memory 304, from which the processor 302 retrieves and executes the instructions. The instructions received by the main memory 304 may optionally be stored on the storage device 308 either before or after execution by the processor 302.

The template server 202 also includes a communication interface 316 coupled to the bus 300. The communication interface 316 provides a two-way data communication coupling between the template server 202 and the network 206. For example, the communication interface 316 may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem used to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, the communication interface 316 may be a local area network (LAN) card used to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any such implementation, the communication interface 316 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic, optical, or other signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.

A software application 318 may be installed on the template server 202, for example, on the storage device 308. The installed software application 318 may then be used to create a baseline template 320 from which subsequent restorations of the software application 318 may be made. The baseline template 320 may thereafter be transferred to each user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c as needed over the network 206 to restore the software application 318. Such an arrangement allows baseline instances of the software application 318 to be provided on the user computing systems 204 a, 204 b, and 204 c without perhaps necessarily installing the entire application from the portable media 106.

The installed software application 318 is preferably a correct or “golden” installation, meaning that it has been tested and observed to work properly and that at least some needed patches, fixes, modifications, and customizations have been applied. The use of a “golden” installation ensures that the baseline template 320 is correct (i.e., validated) and that restorations of the software application 318 based on the baseline template 320 are also correct. To this end, the installation of the software application 318 is preferably performed manually from the original portable media 106. Although this task is tedious and time-consuming, it need only be performed correctly once to create the baseline template 320. It is also possible to install the software application 318 from, for example, a set of installation files stored on an application server (not expressly shown). If necessary, a trial-and-error approach may be used and the installation repeated until the software application 318 is determined to be correctly installed (i.e., a “golden” installation).

In some cases, the installation of the software application 318 may produce one or more custom files and/or directories that are specific to the host computing system (i.e., the template server 202). Certain enterprise integration software applications, for example, WebSphere™ from International Business Machine (IBM) Corp., create directories that contain the name of the host computing system in the directories (e.g., “/WebSphere/AppServer/ . . . /ServerA/ . . . ”). One or more files for these software applications, including the configuration files, may also contain references to the host computing system. An example of a WebSphere™ directory listing taken using a standard “dir” command is shown in Example 1, where some of the directories have been truncated for economy of the description.

/opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/temp/testopslasjtManager

/opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/logs/preload

/opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/installedApps/testopslasjtNetwork

/opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/config/temp/cells/testopslasjtNetwork/nodes/_(—)

/opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/config/temp/cells/testopslasjtNetwork

/opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/config/cells/testopslasjtNetwork/nodes/testopslasjt_(—)

/opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/config/cells/testopslasjtNetwork/opt/WebSphere51/_(—)

/opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/bin/wsinstance/configdefaults/cells/testopslasjt_(—)

/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/logs/preload

/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/installedApps/

/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/config/temp/cells/testopsllsjtNetwork/nodes/testopslasjt

/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/config/cells/testopsllsjtNetwork/nodes/testopslasjt

/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/config/backup/base/cells/testopslasjt/nodes/testopslasjt

/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/config/backup/base/cells/testopslasjt

/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/bin/wsinstance/configdefaults/cells/testopslasjt/nodes/_(—)

/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/bin/wsinstance/configdefaults/cells/testopslasjt

Example 1

As can be seen from the above example, a number of directories have names that contain a reference to a specific computing system, namely, “testopslasjt.” Some or all of these directories may contain files that are likely to change with usage (e.g., the configuration files and the configuration directories). Therefore, for software applications such as WebSphere™, the installed software application 318 may be generalized before the baseline template 320 is created. This means that references to a specific computing system (e.g., the template server 202) may be temporarily replaced with a generic reference (e.g., “RICK”) or variable (e.g., “X”) before creating the baseline template 320. The generic reference or variable may then be replaced with the name of one of the user computing systems 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c (e.g., Server A, Server B, Server C, etc.) when the baseline template 320 is used to restore the software application 318 on that user computing system.

The template server 202 may further include one or more scripting routines 322 stored, for example, on the storage device 308, that are designed to remove specific references to the host computing system. The scripting routines 322 may reside on the template server 202 as shown in this example, or they may reside on some other computing system, then executed on the template server 202 over the network 206. When executed, the scripting routines 322 recursively search through the directory names of the likely-to-change files (e.g., the configuration directories) looking for any computing system-specific directory names. The scripting routines 322 also search the content of likely-to-change files (e.g., the configuration files) for computing system-specific references in the files. The scripting routines 322 thereafter may search the found references, if any, and replace them with a temporary generic reference or variable.

An example of a PERL language scripting routine 322 for compressing the configuration files and for searching and replacing computing system-specific references in the configuration files of the software application 318 in a UNIX-based operating system is shown in Example 2 below. The various commands and statements used in such a scripting routine are believed to be well understood by those having ordinary skill in the art and will therefore not be described in detail here. Other scripting routines for other operating systems (e.g., SOLARIS, LINUX, WINDOWS, DOS, etc.) running on the template server 202 may also be used. Although the compression and file name and directory name searches have been combined in Example 2, it is certainly possible to create separate scripting routines 322 for the compression and the file name and directory name searches. When searching and replacing directory names, the scripting routines 322 may proceed through the directory structure in reverse order (i.e., deepest sub-directories first). Otherwise, one or more child directories may not be accessible once the parent directory names have been changed.

#!/usr/bin/perl ################################################### ## This script makes the AfterFederation.zip       ### ## template. It replaces instances of the         ### ## current hostname with the variable “RICK”     ### ## . . . (directories and files)             ### ################################################### use File::Copy; my $HOST = ‘hostname’; chomp($HOST); my $appFile = ‘/tmp/FILES.txt’; my $dirFile = ‘/tmp/DIRS.txt’; my $fileCounter=0; my $dirCounter=0; my $Variable = “RICK”; my @LIST = qw(DeploymentManager AppServer); foreach $i ( @LIST ) { if( -e $appFile && -e $dirFile ) {   ‘mv $appFile /tmp/FILES.txt.$i’;   ‘mv $dirFile /tmp/DIRS.txt.$i’; } ####### Locating all FILES and DIRECTORIES with a hostname entry ######### my @files = ‘find /opt/WebSphere51/$i/config/ -type f -exec grep -q \“$HOST\” { } \\\; - print > $appFile 2>/dev/null’; my @dirs = ‘find /opt/WebSphere51/$i/config/ -type d -name \“$HOST\*\” > $dirFile 2>/dev/null’; sleep(5); #------------------------------------------------------------# #--- Changing files: hostname to RICK   -------# #------------------------------------------------------------# open(APPFILE, “$appFile”); @files=<APPFILE>; close(APPFILE); foreach $item ( @files ) {   chomp($item);   print “File: \t $item\n”;   $itemBackup = $item . “.BAK”;   print “\t\tCopying $item to $itemBackup . . . \n”;   move($item, $itemBackup) or die “Copy failed for $item: $!”;   print “\t\tReplacing $HOST with $Variable . . . \n”;   my $replace = ‘sed -e ‘s/$HOST/$Variable/g’ $itemBackup >> $item’;   $fileCounter++; } print “NUMBER OF FILES CHANGED: $fileCounter\n”; #-------------------------------------------------------------# #--- Changing directories: hostnane to RICK   --# #-------------------------------------------------------------# sub backwards {$b cmp $a}; open(DIRFILE, “$dirFile”); @dirs=<DIRFILE>; close(DIRFILE); my @SortedDirs = sort backwards(@dirs); foreach $item ( @SortedDirs ) {   chomp($item);   if( $item =~ /$HOST/i ) {     opendir(MD1, $item) || die(“Can't open directory: $item\n”);     @theFiles=readdir(MD1);     closedir(MD1);     chdir($item);     foreach $dir (@theFiles) {       if( -d $dir ) {         if( $dir =~ /$HOST/ ) {           my $original = $dir;           (my $new1 = $original) =~ s/$HOST/$Variable/;           print “New Directory: $new1\n”;           print “Moving $original directory to $new1 directory . . . \n”;           ‘mv $original $new1’;         }       }     }      print “\n . . . New Entry . . . \n”;     print “Directory: \t $item\n”;     $length = length($item);      $sub = rindex($item, $HOST);     $substring = substr($item, 0, $sub);     @DirArray = split(/\//, $item);     my $lastElement = $DirArray[−1];     chomp($lastElement);     if ( $lastElement =~ /$HOST/ ) {       ($replace = $lastElement) =~ s/$HOST/$Variable/;       $substring .= $replace;     }   print “Final Substring: . . . $substring\n”;   my $orig = $item;   my $new = $substring;   print “New Directory: $new\n”;   print “Moving $orig directory to $new directory . . . \n”;   ‘mv $orig $new’;   $dirCounter++;   } else {    if( -e $item ) {     opendir(MD, $item) || die(“Can't open directory: $item\n”);     @thefiles=readdir(MD);     closedir(MD);     chdir($item);     foreach $directory (@thefiles) {       if( -d $directory ) {         if( $directory =~ /$HOST/ ) {           my $orig2 = $directory;           (my $new2 = $orig2) =~ s/$HOST/$Variable/;           print “New Directory: $new2\n”;           print “Moving $orig2 directory to $new2 directory . . . \n”;           ‘mv $orig2 $new2’;           $dirCounter++;         }       }     }    }   } } print “NUMBER OF DIRECTORIES CHANGED: $dirCounter\n”; } #------------------------------------------------------------# #---- Removing /wstemp & /config/temp dirs ------# #------------------------------------------------------------#

Example 2

After the software application 318 has been generalized, it may be used to create the baseline template 320. To create the baseline template 320, an archive or backup is made of the configuration files or other likely-to-change files along with the directory structure therefor. The archive or backup may be compressed in some cases, or it may simply be backed up without any compression. The compression may be performed using any suitable compression format (e.g., .ZIP, .TAR, .RAR, etc.), provided that the directory structure for the compressed files is maintained.

In some cases, the baseline template 320 may include more than one archive or backup files. For example, the archive or backup files may be organized according to their functions in the software application 318 or some other logical grouping, such as application server configuration files or other likely-to-change files and directories in one baseline template file, deployment manager configuration files and directories in another baseline template file, and so forth. Note that only the configuration files or other likely-to-change files of the software application 318 are used for the baseline template 320 and perhaps not all of the installed files (i.e., the baseline template 320 may not be an installation template).

After the baseline template 320 is created, it may be uploaded to any user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c requiring a baseline instance of the software application 318. The upload may be conducted by a direct file transfer from the template server 202 to a user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c, or it may be conducted over the network 206. The latter case allows any user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c connected to the network 206 to receive a copy of the baseline template 320 regardless of the physical location of the template server 202. Such an arrangement results in a much more efficient and convenient procedure than having to install the software application 318 on each computing system.

Once uploaded, the baseline template 320 may be decompressed, unpacked, expanded, or otherwise processed to retrieve the configuration files and directories for the software application 318 onto the new user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c, and the generic reference or variable may be replaced with the name of the new user computing system. In some embodiments, the scripting routines 322 mentioned earlier may be used to perform the decompression/unpacking of the baseline template 320 and insert the name of the new user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c. An example of a PERL language scripting routine 322 that may be used to insert the name of the new user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c in the newly installed configuration files and directories of the software application 318 in a UNIX-based operating system is shown in Example 3 below. Other scripting routines may be used for other operating systems (e.g., SOLARIS, LINUX, WINDOWS, DOS, etc.) by those having ordinary skill in the art. Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the caution regarding reverse sorting of the directory listing mentioned with respect to Example 2 applies here as well.

#!/usr/bin/perl ################################################### ## This script takes the AfterFederation.zip       ### ## template and replaces all the variable         ### ## “RICK” instances with the current hostname      ### ## of the node . . . (directories and files)         ### ################################################### use File::Copy; my $HOST = ‘hostname’ chomp($HOST); my $appFile = ‘/tmp/FILES2.txt’; my $dirFile = ‘/tmp/DIRS2.txt’; my $fileCounter=0; my $dirCounter=0; my $Variable = “RICK”; my $date = ‘date’; chomp($date); print “$date\n”; my @LIST = qw(DeploymentManager AppServer); foreach $i ( @LIST ) { if( -e $appFile && -e $dirFile ) {   ‘mv $appFile /tmp/FILES.txt.$i’   ‘mv $dirFile /tmp/DIRS.txt.$i’ } my @files = ‘find /opt/WebSphere51/$i/config/ -type f -exec grep -q \“$Variable\” { } \\\; -print > $appFile 2>/dev/null’; my @dirs = ‘find /opt/WebSphere51/$i/config/ -type d -name \“$Variable\*\” > $dirFile 2>/dev/null’; sleep(5); #------------------------------------------------------------# #--- Changing files: RICK to hostname   -------# #------------------------------------------------------------# open(APPFILE, “$appFile”); @files=<APPFILE>; close(APPFILE); foreach $item ( @files ) {   chomp($item);   print “File: \t $item\n”;   $itemBackup = $item . “.BAK”;   print “\t\tCopying $item to $itemBackup . . . \n”;   move($item, $itemBackup) or die “Copy failed for $item: $!”;   print “\t\tReplacing $Variable with $HOST . . . \n”;   my $replace = ‘sed -e ‘s/$Variable/$HOST/g’ $itemBackup >> $item’   $fileCounter++;   unlink($itemBackup); } print “NUMBER OF FILES CHANGED: $fileCounter\n”; #-----------------------------------------------------------------# #--- Changing directories: RICK to hostname    --# #-----------------------------------------------------------------# sub backwards {$b cmp $a}; open(DIRFILE, “$dirFile”); @dirs=<DIRFILE>; close(DIRFILE); my @SortedDirs = sort backwards(@dirs); $item = undef; foreach $item ( @SortedDirs ) {   chomp($item);   if( $item =~ /$Variable/i ) {     opendir(MD1, $item) || die(“Can't open directory: $item\n”);     @theFiles=readdir(MD1);     closedir(MD1);     chdir($item);     foreach $dir (@theFiles) {       if( -d $dir ) {         if( $dir =~ /$Variable/ ) {           my $original = $dir;           (my $new1 = $original) =~ s/$Variable/$HOST/;           print “New Directory: $new1\n”;           print “Moving $original directory to $new1 directory . . . \n”;           ‘mv $original $new1’         }       }     }     print “\n . . . New Entry . . . \n”;     print “Directory: \t $item\n”;     $length = length($item);     $sub = rindex($item, $Variable);     $substring = substr($item, 0, $sub);     @DirArray = split(/\//, $item);      my $lastElement = $DirArray[−1];      chomp($lastElement);      if ( $lastElement =~ /$Variable/ ) {        ($replace = $lastElement) =~ s/$Variable/$HOST/;       $substring .= $replace;     }   print “Final Substring: . . . $substring\n”;   my $orig = $item;    my $new = $substring;   print “New Directory: $new\n”;   print “Moving $orig directory to $new directory . . . \n”;   ‘mv $orig $new’;   $dirCounter++;   } else {    if( -e $item ) {     opendir(MD, $item) || die(“Can't open directory: $item\n”);     @thefiles=readdir(MD);     closedir(MD);     chdir($item);     foreach $directory (@thefiles) {       if( -d $directory ) {         if( $directory =~ /$Variable/ ) {           my $orig2 = $directory;           (my $new2 = $orig2) =~ s/$Variable/$HOST/;           print “New Directory: $new2\n”;           print “Moving $orig2 directory to $new2 directory . . . \n”;           ‘mv $orig2 $new2’           $dirCounter++;         }       }     }    }   } } print “NUMBER OF DIRECTORIES CHANGED: $dirCounter\n”; print “$date\n”; } #------------------------------------------------------------# #---- Removing /wstemp & /config/temp dirs ------# #------------------------------------------------------------#

Example 3

Thus far, the discussion has centered around creation of the baseline template 320 on the template server 202. From there, the baseline template 320 may be uploaded to a selected computing system and decompressed/unpacked to complete restoration of the software application 318 to a baseline state. A technical support person usually performs the various tasks described (e.g., uploading, restoring, inserting computing system-specific references, etc.). In some embodiments, however, the technical support person may automate the various tasks by providing the baseline template 320 to a restoration tool along with the required scripting routines 322. The restoration tool thereafter performs the uploading, restoring, insertion of computing system-specific references, and other related tasks as needed (e.g., in real time) or according to some predetermined schedule set by the technical support person.

FIG. 4 illustrates a system 400 according to disclosed embodiments in which a restoration tool may be used for automatically restoring multiple instances of a software application to a baseline state. The system 400 is similar to the system 200 of FIG. 2 except that a deployment server 402 has been connected to the network 206. The deployment server 402 is likewise similar to the template server 202 except that the computer-readable storage device of the deployment server 402 contains, among other things, a restoration tool therein. Once the baseline template 320 has been created on the template server 202, the technical support person may deposit or otherwise transfer the baseline template 320 along with any required scripting routines 322 to the deployment server 402. The restoration tool on the deployment server 402 thereafter performs the various restoration related tasks as needed or according to some predetermined schedule set by the technical support person.

FIG. 5 illustrates the restoration tool of the deployment server 402 in more detail. As can be seen, a restoration tool 500 includes or has access to a number of components needed for restoring multiple instances of the software application 318 to a baseline state. For example, the restoration tool 500 includes or has access to the baseline template 320, a file transfer function 502 for uploading the baseline template 320 to a desired user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c, a decompression/unpacking function 504 for expanding the baseline template 320, and a host or system-specific referencing function 506 for inserting computing system-specific references into the software application 318. Other components that may be present include a user interface 508 for allowing the technical support person to interact with the restoration tool 500. The restoration tool 500 may also include the capability of moving/transferring files from one computing system to another, versioning the files, executing/launching one or more executable routines or programs, and so forth.

Such a restoration tool as described above, when used in conjunction with a code repository, allows technical support personnel or other users to specify, for example, which baseline template 320 (assuming multiple versions of the baseline template) to use for the restoration and which scripting routine 322 to execute for the restoration. An example of a code repository that may be used with the deployment tool 500 for storing code is StarTeam™ from Borland Corp. of Cupertino, Calif. An example of a PERL language scripting routine 322 that may be used with the OPS deployment tool for restoring the software application 318 to a baseline state is shown in Example 4 below. Other scripting routines written for other operating systems may certainly be used without departing from principles of the invention.

#!/usr/bin/perl #DirectiveReplaced - #!//usr/bin/perl use File::Copy; #---------------------------------------------------# #--- Extract Template Tar Directory  -----# #---------------------------------------------------# print “EXTRACTING TEMPLATE TAR DIRECTORY . . . \n”; my $TAR = “/www/was50/FederationZip51/lib/FederationTemplate_51.tar”;   if(-e $TAR) {     my $extract = “tar -xvf $TAR”;     my $curdir = system(“pwd”);     print “Current dir is $curdir \n”;     print “Setting current dir to /www/wtsutil/bin \n”;     chdir(“/www/wtsutil/bin”);     my $curdir = system(“pwd”);     print “Current dir is now $curdir \n”;     system($extract);     print “Calling Restore Routine . . . \n”;     Restore( );   } else {     print “ NO FILE PRESENT . . . !!!!\n”;     exit(1);   } sub Restore { #--------------------------------------------# #----------- Static Vars ------------------# #--------------------------------------------# my $FederationDir = “/www/wtsutil/bin/FederationTemplate/”; my $WASTEMPLATE = $FederationDir . “BackupConfigs/was.Template.BackupConfig.zip”; my $WDMTEMPLATE = $FederationDir . “BackupConfigs/wdm.Template.BackupConfig.zip”; my $SCRIPT = $FederationDir . “scripts/AfterFederation_RestoreHostname.p1”; my $WASCONFDIR = “/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/config”; my $WDMCONFDIR = “/opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/config”; print “STARTING CONFIG RESTORE . . . \n”; #----------------------------------------------------# #--- Stopping all WebSphere Processes -----# #----------------------------------------------------# $procName = “java”; $OsType=‘uname’; chomp($OsType); print “Operating System: ( $OsType ) ---------------- \n”; my $killCMD; if ( $OsType =~ /Linux/ ) {   $killCMD = “ps -auxww | grep -v grep | grep -v deploynode | grep -i $procName | awk ‘{ print \$2 }’ | xargs kill -9”; } if ( $OsType =~ /SunOS/ ) {   $killCMD = “/usr/ucb/ps -auxww | grep -v grep | grep -v deploynode | grep -i $procName | awk ‘{ print \$2 }’ | xargs kill -9”; } if ( $OsType =~ /AIX/ ) {   $killCMD = “ps -ef | grep $procName | grep -v grep | grep -v deploynode | awk ‘{ print \$2 }’ | xargs kill -9”; } print “\tKilling all WebSphere(xx) Processes . . . \n”; print “Kill Command: ( $killCMD ) \n”; system($killCMD); #--------------------------------------------------# #--- Removing config directories  --------# #---    contents .........     --------# #--------------------------------------------------#   #--- WAS Configs ---#   if (!(-e $WASCONFDIR)) {     print (“Was config dir $WASCONFDIR is empty - creating . . . \n”);     if (!mkdir($WASCONFDIR, 0755)) {      print “Error creating directory $WASCONFDIR = $! \n”;     }   }   my $returnValuewas = chdir($WASCONFDIR) or die(“Cannot change to $_(—) directory . . . \n”);   print “RETURNVALUE WAS = $returnValuewas\n”;   if($returnValuewas eq 1) {     print “\tRemoving WAS Config files . . . \n”;     my $wasResult = “rm -Rf *”;     system($wasResult);     print “\tPlacing Templated WAS Config files . . . \n”;     my $WASPLATE = “jar -xvf $WASTEMPLATE”;     system($WASPLATE);     print “Cleaning up BACKUP FILES . . . \n”;     my $cleanupWAS = “find \. \-type f \-name \”*\.BAK\“ \-print\|xargs rm”;     system($cleanupWAS);   }   #--- WDM Configs -----#   if (!(-e $WDMCONFDIR)) {     print (“Was config dir $WDMCONFDIR is empty - creating . . . \n”);     if (!mkdir($WDMCONFDIR, 0755)) {      print “Error creating directory $WDMCONFDIR = $! \n”;     }   }   my $returnValuewdm = chdir($WDMCONFDIR) or die(“Cannot change to $_(—) directory . . . \n”);   print “RETURNVALUE WDM = $returnValuewdm\n”;   if($returnValuewdm eq 1) {     print “\tRemoving WDM Config files . . . \n”;      my $wdmResult = “rm -Rf *”;     print “\tPlacing Templated WDM Config files . . . \n”;     my $WDMPLATE = “jar -xvf $WDMTEMPLATE”;     system($WDMPLATE);     print “Cleaning up BACKUP FILES . . . \n”;     my $cleanupWDM = “find \. \-type f \-name \”*\.BAK\“ \-print\|xargs rm”;     system($cleanupWDM);   } #---------------------------------------------------# #---- Running Search & Replace Script ----# #---------------------------------------------------#   $scriptResult = “perl $SCRIPT”;   print “\tRestoring Hostname to WAS & WDM Config Files . . . \n”;   system($scriptResult);   print “FINAL CLEANUP OF BACKUP FILES \n”;   print “WAS FILE CLEANUP . . . \n”;   my $wAsClean = “find /opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/config/ \-type f \-name \”*\.BAK\“ \-print\|xargs rm”;   system($wAsClean);   print “WDM FILE CLEANUP . . . \n”;   my $wDmClean = “find /opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/config/ \-type f \-name \”*\.BAK\“ \-print\|xargs rm”;   system($wDmClean); } my $host = ‘hostname’; chomp($host); print “\nHostname: $host\n”; my $network = $host . “Network”; print “Network: $network\n”; my $wdmsecFile = “/opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/config/cells/$network/security.xml”; my $wassecFile = “/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/config/cells/$network/security.xml”; my @Files = (“$wdmsecFile” , “$wassecFile”); my $oldPword; my $oldId; my $pword; my $id; my     $copy1       =      ‘cp       $wdmsecFile /opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/config/cells/$network/security.xml.preFederation’; my     $copy2       =      ‘cp       $wassecFile /opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/config/cells/$network/security.xml.preFederation’; #------------------------------------------# #-- Retrieve old values from  -----# #-- security.xml files. . . .    -----# #------------------------------------------# foreach $secFile (@Files) {   if( - e $secFile ) {     print “\nProcessing $secFile . . . .\n”;     open(APFILE, “$secFile”);     @files=<APFILE>;     close(APFILE);     foreach $item ( @files ) {       if(     $item     =~    /serverId\=\“(\w+)\” serverPassword\=\“(\{xor\}\w+)\”/ ) {         $oldId = $1;         $oldPword = $2;         #chomp($oldId);         #chomp($oldPword);     }   }   print “OLD WAS ACCOUNT\n”;   print “Old Id is: $oldId\n”;   print “Old PWord is : $oldPword\n”; #--------------------------------------# #--- set was account values ------# #--------------------------------------#   print “Host: $host\n”;   if( $host =~ /{circumflex over ( )}prod/i ) {     $id = “PRODWASSVC”;     $pword = “\{xor\}bW9qKD4s”;   } elsif ( $host =~ /{circumflex over ( )}test/i ) {     $id = “TESTWASSVC”;     $pword = “\{xor\}bW9rKD4s”;   } elsif ( $host =~ /{circumflex over ( )}dev/i ) {     $id = “DEVWASSVC”;     $pword = “\{xor\}bW9sKD4s”;   }   print “\nNEW WAS ACCOUNT\n”;   print “ID: $id\n”;   print “PWORD: $pword\n”;   my @oldArray = (“$oldId”, “$oldPword”);   my @newArray = (“$id”, “$pword”);   my $k=0; #------------------------------------------# #-- Change values in security.xml --# #------------------------------------------#    while( $k < 2 ) {     print “File: \t $secFile\n”;     $secFileBackup = $secFile . “.BAK”;     print “\t\tCopying $secFile to $secFileBackup . . . \n”;     move($secFile, $secFileBackup) or die “Copy failed for $secFile: $!”;     print “\t\tReplacing $oldArray[$k] with $newArray[$k] . . . \n”;     my $replace = ‘sed -e ‘s/$oldArray[$k]/$newArray[$k]/g’ $secFileBackup >> $secFile’     $k++;      my $perms = ‘chmod 744 $secFileBackup’;     unlink($secFileBackup);    }    $k=0;   } else {     print “$secFile does not exist !!!!!”;  } } #-------------------------------------------# #-- Linking SOAP & SAS Files -----# #-------------------------------------------#   print “Host: $host\n”;   if( $host =~ /{circumflex over ( )}prod/i ) {     print “\n--------- Setting SOAP and SAS file to PROD -------\n\n\n”;     ‘ln   -fs   /www/was50/config/soapconfig/soap.client-PROD.props.wdm /opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/properties/soap.client.props’;     ‘ln   -fs   /www/was50/config/soapconfig/soap.client-PROD.props.was /opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/properties/soap.client.props’;     ‘ln   -fs   /www/was50/config/sasconfig/sas.client-PROD.props.wdm /opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/properties/sas.client.props’;     ‘ln   -fs   /www/was50/config/sasconfig/sas.client-PROD.props.was /opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/properties/sas.client.props’;   } elsif ( $host =~ /{circumflex over ( )}test/i ) {     print “\n--------- Setting SOAP and SAS file to TEST -------\n\n\n”;     ‘ln    -fs   /www/was50/config/soapconfig/soap.client-TEST.props.wdm /opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/properties/soap.client.props’;     ‘ln    -fs   /www/was50/config/soapconfig/soap.client-TEST.props.was /opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/properties/soap.client.props’;     ‘ln    -fs    /www/was50/config/sasconfig/sas.client-TEST.props.wdm /opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/properties/sas.client.props’;     ‘ln    -fs    /www/was50/config/sasconfig/sas.client-TEST.props.was /opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/properties/sas.client.props’;   } elsif ( $host =~ /{circumflex over ( )}dev/i ) {     print “\n--------- Setting SOAP and SAS file to DEV -------\n\n\n”;     ‘ln   -fs    /www/was50/config/soapconfig/soap.client-DEV.props.wdm /opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/properties/soap.client.props’;     ‘ln   -fs    /www/was50/config/soapconfig/soap.client-DEV.props.was /opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/properties/soap.client.props’;     ‘ln    -fs    /www/was50/config/sasconfig/sas.client-DEV.props.wdm /opt/WebSphere51/DeploymentManager/properties/sas.client.props’;     ‘ln    -fs    /www/was50/config/sasconfig/sas.client-DEV.props.was /opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/properties/sas.client.props’;   } #------------------------------------------# #-- Setting up setupCmdLine.sh ----# #------------------------------------------# my $oldname; my $cmdLineFile = “/opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/bin/setupCmdLine.sh”; my     $copy3       =      ‘cp       $cmdLineFile /opt/WebSphere51/AppServer/bin/setupCmdLine.sh.afterFederation’; print “Setting up setupCmdLine.sh file . . . ..\n”; print “Host: $host\n”; open(APFILE, “$cmdLineFile”); @les=<APFILE>; close(APFILE);   foreach $it ( @les ) {   if( $it =~ /WAS_CELL\=(\w+)Network/ ) {     $oldname = $1;     #chomp($name);   }   }   print “OldName: $oldname\n”;   print “File: \t $cmdLineFile\n”;   $cmdLineBackup = $cmdLineFile . “.BAK”;   print “\t\tCopying $cmdLineFile to $cmdLineBackup . . . \n”;   move($cmdLineFile, $cmdLineBackup) or die “Copy failed for $cmdLineFile: $!”;   print “\t\tReplacing $oldname with $host . . . \n”;   my $replace = ‘sed -e ‘s/$oldname/$host/g’ $cmdLineBackup >> $cmdLineFile’;   my $permision = ‘chmod 744 $cmdLineFile’;    unlink($cmdLineBackup); #----------------------------------------------------# #---- Cleaning up FederationTemplate Dir --# #----------------------------------------------------#   if ( -d “/www/wtsutil/bin/FederationTemplate” ) {     system “rm -rf /www/wtsutil/bin/FederationTemplate”;   }   if ( -d “/www/was50/FederationZip51” ) {     system “rm -rf /www/was50/FederationZip51”;   } ################################################ ######### END OF SCRIPT ####################### ################################################

Example 4

In operation, the technical support person select the particular user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c on which to install the software application 318 through the user interface 508. In some embodiments, the technical support person also specifies when the restoration is to take place. The restoration tool 500 thereafter may automatically perform the restoration in the manner described above at the appropriate date and time. The date and time of the installation may be in real time or it may be according to some predetermined schedule, or it may occur based on some other condition or criteria. Once the restoration is complete, the software application 318 is ready to be used on the new user computing system 204 a, 204 b, or 204 c in significantly less time compared to a full installation of the software application 318.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method 600 that may be used to restore a software application to a baseline state. The method 600 begins at step 602, where an installation of the software application is performed. Preferably (but not necessarily), this installation is accomplished using the original floppy disks or CD-ROMs in order to ensure a correct installation. Any patches, fixes, modifications, or customizations that may be needed are also applied to the software application at this time. Once a correct installation of the software application has been completed, computing system-specific references in the configuration files or other likely-to-change files, directories, and sub-directories of the installed software application may be replaced with a generic reference or variable at step 604. At step 606, a baseline template is created from the installed software application from the configuration files, directories, and sub-directories. In various embodiments, the baseline template may be one or more compressed files containing the configuration files in the software application and their directory structures. In other various embodiments, the baseline template is simply a backup or archive of the configuration files of the software application and their directory structure.

At step 608, the baseline template is uploaded to a selected user computing system. The upload may occur over a network or it may be performed from one computing system (e.g., the template server 202) directly to another computing system. At step 610, the baseline template is decompressed/unpacked on the selected computing system to retrieve the configuration files, directories, and sub-directories of the software application. Generic references or variables are then replaced with the name of the selected user computing system at step 612 to complete the restoration of the software application to a baseline state. Note that this step may be done either manually by technical support personnel or through the use of an automated restoration tool such as the OPS deployment tool. At step 614, a determination may be made as to whether additional restorations of the software application are needed. If the answer is yes, the method 600 returns to step 608 and the restoration is repeated for the next computing system. If the answer is no, the method 600 is concluded.

The foregoing embodiments of the invention have been described with respect to the restoration of a complex software application across an organization's local or private network. However, the disclosed embodiments are not limited thereto and may be used to restore any software application across any network, including the Internet. In the latter case, the baseline template may be stored on a web server and made available through a web site hosted by the web server. The baseline template may then be downloaded and used to restore a software application as needed. The download may occur free of charge (e.g., freeware, shareware), or as part of an online purchase or other e-commerce transaction (preferably with the appropriate security mechanisms in place). Such an arrangement is useful where the software application that needs to be restored is particularly large and downloading the entire software application over the network would take a long time. In some embodiments, the provider of the baseline template may be a technical support provider for the software application and the receiver of the baseline template may be a purchaser of the software application.

Any compression algorithms, scripting routines (e.g., for handling computing system-specific references), or other software tools may be transferred along with the baseline template to the selected computing system. Alternatively, instead of several separate software tools, all required software tools may be bundled together in a single executable program (e.g., a “restore” file) written and compiled in an appropriate programming language (e.g., JAVA, FLASH, Html, Xml, C++, etc.) and subsequently transferred to and executed on the selected computing system. In some embodiments, the executable program containing the software tools may be combined with the baseline template as a single file. In any event, the above arrangement allows businesses and consumers alike to benefit from the highly efficient restoration system and method.

While the disclosed embodiments have been described with reference to one or more particular examples, those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventions. Therefore, each of the foregoing embodiments and obvious variations thereof is contemplated as falling within the spirit and scope of the claimed inventions, which is set forth in the following claims. 

1. A computer-implemented method of restoring multiple instances of a software application to a baseline state over a network, comprising: storing a baseline template of said software application on a first computing system connected to said network, said baseline template containing a baseline set of configuration directories and configuration files for said software application; searching said configuration directories and said configuration files for a first reference specific to said first computing system; replacing said first reference to said first computing system in said configuration directories and said configuration files with a generic reference; transferring said baseline template of said software application to a second computing system connected to said network; and restoring said software application to said baseline state from said baseline template on said second computing system, including inserting in said configuration directories and said configuration files of said software application computing system-specific references required by said software application with respect to said second computing system as a replacement for said generic reference.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said network is the Internet and said first computing system is operated by a technical support provider of said software application and said second computing system is operated by a purchaser of said software application.
 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said first computing system is a web server and said baseline template is made available through a web site hosted by said web server.
 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein said restoring is performed by one or more executable programs transferred to said second computing system along with said baseline template.
 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein said restoring is performed by one or more executable programs transferred to said second computing system as part of said baseline template.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: said network is a private network of an organization; said first computing system is operated by a technical support person of said organization; and said second computing system is operated by a user in said organization.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein said transferring and restoring is performed automatically by a restoration tool controlled by said technical support person.
 8. A computer-based system for restoring multiple instances of a software application to a baseline state over a network, comprising: a first computing system connected to said network, said first computing system storing a baseline template of said software application thereon, said baseline template containing a baseline set of configuration directories and configuration files for said software application; searching said configuration directories and said configuration files for a first reference specific to said first computing system; replacing said first reference to said first computing system in said configuration directories and said configuration files with a generic reference; and a second computing system for receiving said baseline template of said software application over said network, said second computing system operable to restore said software application to said baseline state from said baseline template, including inserting in said configuration directories and said configuration files of said software application computing system-specific references required by said software application with respect to said second computing system as a replacement for said generic reference.
 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein said network is the Internet and said first computing system is operated by a technical support provider of said software application and said second computing system is operated by a purchaser of said software application.
 10. The system according to claim 8, wherein said first computing system is a web server and said baseline template is made available through a web site hosted by said web server.
 11. The system according to claim 8, wherein said first computing system further stores one or more software tools transferable to and executable by said second computing system for restoring said software application to said baseline state from said baseline template.
 12. The system according to claim 8, wherein said baseline template includes one or more software tools executable by said second computing system for restoring said software application to said baseline state from said baseline template.
 13. The system according to claim 8, wherein: said network is a private network of an organization; said first computing system is operated by a technical support person of said organization; and said second computing system is operated by a user in said organization.
 14. The system according to claim 8, wherein said first computing system further stores a restoration tool controllable by said technical support person for transferring said baseline template to said second computing system and restoring said software application to said baseline state from said baseline template on said second computing system.
 15. A computer-readable non-volatile or volatile storage medium having computer-readable instructions stored thereon, said computer-readable instructions comprising: storing a baseline template for a software application on a first computing system connected to a network, said baseline template containing a validated installation of said software application; searching said baseline template for configuration directories and configuration files contained in said baseline template for a first reference specific to said first computing system; replacing said first reference to said first computing system in said configuration directories and said configuration files with a generic reference; transferring said baseline template of said software application to a second computing system over the network; receiving by the second computing system said baseline template of said software application over said network; and restoring said software application to said baseline state from said baseline template, including inserting in said configuration directories and said configuration files of said software application computing system-specific references required by said software application with respect to said second computing system as a replacement for said generic reference.
 16. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein said network is the Internet and said computing system is operated by a purchaser of said software application.
 17. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein said computer-readable storage medium is part of a web server and said baseline template is made available through a web site hosted by said web server.
 18. The system according to claim 15, wherein said one or more software tools designed to restore said software application is transferred with or included in said baseline template.
 19. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein said network is a private network in an organization and said computing system is operated by a user in said organization.
 20. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein said one or more software tools are controllable by a technical support person of said organization to automatically perform said transfer and said restore.
 21. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein said computer-readable storage medium is part of a deployment server for deploying said installation template over said network. 